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Geochemical evidence for the existence of high-temperature hydrothermal brines at Vesuvio volcano, Italy

Identifieur interne : 000221 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000220; suivant : 000222

Geochemical evidence for the existence of high-temperature hydrothermal brines at Vesuvio volcano, Italy

Auteurs : Giovanni Chiodini [Italie] ; Luigi Marini [Italie] ; Massimo Russo [Italie]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:53F312D1C0555FAEA417009CFEA259530DF28CBA

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Abstract: A high-temperature hydrothermal system is present underneath the crater area of Vesuvio volcano. It is suggested that NaCl brines reside in the high-temperature reservoir and influence the chemical composition of the gases discharged by the fumaroles of the crater bottom (vents FC1, FC2, and FC5). These have typical hydrothermal compositions, with H2O and CO2 as major components, followed by H2, H2S, N2, CH4, and CO (in order of decreasing contents) and undetectable SO2, HCl, and HF. Fumarolic H2O is either meteoric water enriched in 18O through high-temperature water-rock oxygen isotope exchange or a mixture of meteoric and arc-type magmatic water. Fumarolic CO2 is mainly generated by decarbonation reactions of marine carbonates, but the addition of small amounts of magmatic CO2 is also possible. All investigated gas species (H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, H2, H2S, N2, and NH3) equilibrate, probably in a saturated vapor phase, at temperatures of 360 to 370°C for vent FC1 and 430 to 445°C for vents FC2 and FC5. These temperatures are confirmed by the H2-Ar geoindicator. The minimum salt content of the liquid phase coexisting with the vapor phase is ∼14.9 wt.% NaCl, whereas its maximum salinity corresponds to halite saturation (49.2–52.5 wt.% NaCl). These poorly constrained salinities of NaCl brines reflect in large uncertainties in total fluid pressures, which are estimated to be 260 to 480 bar for vents FC2 and FC5 and 130 to 220 bar for vent FC1. Pressurization in some parts of the hydrothermal system, and its subsequent discharge through hydrofracturing, could explain the relatively frequent seismic crises recorded in the Vesuvio area after the last eruption. An important heat source responsible for hydrothermal circulation is represented by the hot rocks of the eruptive conduits, which have been active from 1631 to 1944. Geochemical evidence suggests that no input of fresh magma at shallow depths took place after the end of the last eruptive period.

Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00583-X


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<term>Acta</term>
<term>Analytical data</term>
<term>Analytical ratios</term>
<term>Brine</term>
<term>Brombach</term>
<term>Campi flegrei</term>
<term>Carbon dioxide</term>
<term>Carbonate</term>
<term>Carbonate rocks</term>
<term>Chemical composition</term>
<term>Chemical equilibrium</term>
<term>Chiodini</term>
<term>Cioni</term>
<term>Conceptual geochemical model</term>
<term>Condensate</term>
<term>Cosmochim</term>
<term>Crater</term>
<term>Crater area</term>
<term>Crater bottom</term>
<term>Crater lake</term>
<term>Crater lakes</term>
<term>Critical point</term>
<term>Decarbonation</term>
<term>Decarbonation reactions</term>
<term>Degassing</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Elli</term>
<term>Equilibration</term>
<term>Equilibration zone</term>
<term>Equilibrium</term>
<term>Equilibrium temperatures</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>Explosive eruptions</term>
<term>Fco2</term>
<term>Fco2 values</term>
<term>Fh2o</term>
<term>Fluid geochemistry</term>
<term>Fractionation</term>
<term>Fractionation factors</term>
<term>Fresh magma</term>
<term>Fugacity</term>
<term>Fumaroles</term>
<term>Fumarolic</term>
<term>Fumarolic gases</term>
<term>Fumarolic vents</term>
<term>Geochemical</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geochim</term>
<term>Geological survey</term>
<term>Geotherm</term>
<term>Geothermal</term>
<term>Geothermal systems</term>
<term>Giggenbach</term>
<term>Groundwater</term>
<term>Groundwaters</term>
<term>High solubility</term>
<term>High temperatures</term>
<term>Higher temperatures</term>
<term>Historical lavas</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Hydrothermal brines</term>
<term>Hydrothermal environment</term>
<term>Hydrothermal environments</term>
<term>Hydrothermal reservoir</term>
<term>Hydrothermal system</term>
<term>Hydrothermal systems</term>
<term>Hypothetical parent hydrothermal</term>
<term>Ischia island</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Isotopic</term>
<term>Isotopic composition</term>
<term>Isotopic ratios</term>
<term>John wiley sons</term>
<term>Last eruptive period</term>
<term>Lava</term>
<term>Lett</term>
<term>Liquid phase</term>
<term>Liquid water</term>
<term>Magma</term>
<term>Magmatic</term>
<term>Magmatic buffer</term>
<term>Magmatic gases</term>
<term>Magmatic water</term>
<term>Marine carbonates</term>
<term>Marini</term>
<term>Maximum salinity</term>
<term>Maximum temperatures</term>
<term>Meteoric water</term>
<term>Minimum salinity</term>
<term>Nacl</term>
<term>Nacl brines</term>
<term>Nacl concentration</term>
<term>Nacl concentrations</term>
<term>Nacl content</term>
<term>Nacl solution</term>
<term>Nacl solutions</term>
<term>Naoh solution</term>
<term>Napoli</term>
<term>Neutralizing acids</term>
<term>Osservatorio vesuviano</term>
<term>Other gases</term>
<term>Outlet temperatures</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope exchange</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope fractionation</term>
<term>Panichi</term>
<term>Pitzer</term>
<term>Principe</term>
<term>Pure water</term>
<term>Redox</term>
<term>Redox conditions</term>
<term>Rosi</term>
<term>Russo</term>
<term>Salinity</term>
<term>Salt content</term>
<term>Salt solutions</term>
<term>Santacroce</term>
<term>Shallow depths</term>
<term>Solubility</term>
<term>Steam condensate</term>
<term>Steam condensates</term>
<term>Steam condensation</term>
<term>Sulfur</term>
<term>Tedesco</term>
<term>Temperature dependence</term>
<term>Theoretical values</term>
<term>Thermodynamic data</term>
<term>Total condensation</term>
<term>Uids</term>
<term>Vapor line</term>
<term>Vapor phase</term>
<term>Vapor phases</term>
<term>Vapors</term>
<term>Vesuvio</term>
<term>Vesuvio crater</term>
<term>Vesuvio crater bottom</term>
<term>Vesuvio fumaroles</term>
<term>Vesuvio fumarolic</term>
<term>Vesuvio hydrothermal system</term>
<term>Vesuvio volcano</term>
<term>Vesuvius</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcano</term>
<term>Volcanol</term>
<term>Water fugacities</term>
<term>Water fugacity</term>
<term>Water line</term>
<term>West indies</term>
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<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Acta</term>
<term>Analytical data</term>
<term>Analytical ratios</term>
<term>Brine</term>
<term>Brombach</term>
<term>Campi flegrei</term>
<term>Carbon dioxide</term>
<term>Carbonate</term>
<term>Carbonate rocks</term>
<term>Chemical composition</term>
<term>Chemical equilibrium</term>
<term>Chiodini</term>
<term>Cioni</term>
<term>Conceptual geochemical model</term>
<term>Condensate</term>
<term>Cosmochim</term>
<term>Crater</term>
<term>Crater area</term>
<term>Crater bottom</term>
<term>Crater lake</term>
<term>Crater lakes</term>
<term>Critical point</term>
<term>Decarbonation</term>
<term>Decarbonation reactions</term>
<term>Degassing</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Elli</term>
<term>Equilibration</term>
<term>Equilibration zone</term>
<term>Equilibrium</term>
<term>Equilibrium temperatures</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>Explosive eruptions</term>
<term>Fco2</term>
<term>Fco2 values</term>
<term>Fh2o</term>
<term>Fluid geochemistry</term>
<term>Fractionation</term>
<term>Fractionation factors</term>
<term>Fresh magma</term>
<term>Fugacity</term>
<term>Fumaroles</term>
<term>Fumarolic</term>
<term>Fumarolic gases</term>
<term>Fumarolic vents</term>
<term>Geochemical</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geochim</term>
<term>Geological survey</term>
<term>Geotherm</term>
<term>Geothermal</term>
<term>Geothermal systems</term>
<term>Giggenbach</term>
<term>Groundwater</term>
<term>Groundwaters</term>
<term>High solubility</term>
<term>High temperatures</term>
<term>Higher temperatures</term>
<term>Historical lavas</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Hydrothermal brines</term>
<term>Hydrothermal environment</term>
<term>Hydrothermal environments</term>
<term>Hydrothermal reservoir</term>
<term>Hydrothermal system</term>
<term>Hydrothermal systems</term>
<term>Hypothetical parent hydrothermal</term>
<term>Ischia island</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Isotopic</term>
<term>Isotopic composition</term>
<term>Isotopic ratios</term>
<term>John wiley sons</term>
<term>Last eruptive period</term>
<term>Lava</term>
<term>Lett</term>
<term>Liquid phase</term>
<term>Liquid water</term>
<term>Magma</term>
<term>Magmatic</term>
<term>Magmatic buffer</term>
<term>Magmatic gases</term>
<term>Magmatic water</term>
<term>Marine carbonates</term>
<term>Marini</term>
<term>Maximum salinity</term>
<term>Maximum temperatures</term>
<term>Meteoric water</term>
<term>Minimum salinity</term>
<term>Nacl</term>
<term>Nacl brines</term>
<term>Nacl concentration</term>
<term>Nacl concentrations</term>
<term>Nacl content</term>
<term>Nacl solution</term>
<term>Nacl solutions</term>
<term>Naoh solution</term>
<term>Napoli</term>
<term>Neutralizing acids</term>
<term>Osservatorio vesuviano</term>
<term>Other gases</term>
<term>Outlet temperatures</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope exchange</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope fractionation</term>
<term>Panichi</term>
<term>Pitzer</term>
<term>Principe</term>
<term>Pure water</term>
<term>Redox</term>
<term>Redox conditions</term>
<term>Rosi</term>
<term>Russo</term>
<term>Salinity</term>
<term>Salt content</term>
<term>Salt solutions</term>
<term>Santacroce</term>
<term>Shallow depths</term>
<term>Solubility</term>
<term>Steam condensate</term>
<term>Steam condensates</term>
<term>Steam condensation</term>
<term>Sulfur</term>
<term>Tedesco</term>
<term>Temperature dependence</term>
<term>Theoretical values</term>
<term>Thermodynamic data</term>
<term>Total condensation</term>
<term>Uids</term>
<term>Vapor line</term>
<term>Vapor phase</term>
<term>Vapor phases</term>
<term>Vapors</term>
<term>Vesuvio</term>
<term>Vesuvio crater</term>
<term>Vesuvio crater bottom</term>
<term>Vesuvio fumaroles</term>
<term>Vesuvio fumarolic</term>
<term>Vesuvio hydrothermal system</term>
<term>Vesuvio volcano</term>
<term>Vesuvius</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcano</term>
<term>Volcanol</term>
<term>Water fugacities</term>
<term>Water fugacity</term>
<term>Water line</term>
<term>West indies</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: A high-temperature hydrothermal system is present underneath the crater area of Vesuvio volcano. It is suggested that NaCl brines reside in the high-temperature reservoir and influence the chemical composition of the gases discharged by the fumaroles of the crater bottom (vents FC1, FC2, and FC5). These have typical hydrothermal compositions, with H2O and CO2 as major components, followed by H2, H2S, N2, CH4, and CO (in order of decreasing contents) and undetectable SO2, HCl, and HF. Fumarolic H2O is either meteoric water enriched in 18O through high-temperature water-rock oxygen isotope exchange or a mixture of meteoric and arc-type magmatic water. Fumarolic CO2 is mainly generated by decarbonation reactions of marine carbonates, but the addition of small amounts of magmatic CO2 is also possible. All investigated gas species (H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, H2, H2S, N2, and NH3) equilibrate, probably in a saturated vapor phase, at temperatures of 360 to 370°C for vent FC1 and 430 to 445°C for vents FC2 and FC5. These temperatures are confirmed by the H2-Ar geoindicator. The minimum salt content of the liquid phase coexisting with the vapor phase is ∼14.9 wt.% NaCl, whereas its maximum salinity corresponds to halite saturation (49.2–52.5 wt.% NaCl). These poorly constrained salinities of NaCl brines reflect in large uncertainties in total fluid pressures, which are estimated to be 260 to 480 bar for vents FC2 and FC5 and 130 to 220 bar for vent FC1. Pressurization in some parts of the hydrothermal system, and its subsequent discharge through hydrofracturing, could explain the relatively frequent seismic crises recorded in the Vesuvio area after the last eruption. An important heat source responsible for hydrothermal circulation is represented by the hot rocks of the eruptive conduits, which have been active from 1631 to 1944. Geochemical evidence suggests that no input of fresh magma at shallow depths took place after the end of the last eruptive period.</div>
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